Multimodal Visual Positioning Applications

Note: Raspberry Pi 5 2GB/4GB, RDK X5 4GB, and Jetson Orin Nano 4GB versions cannot run offline due to performance limitations. Please refer to online tutorials for large models.

1. Concept Introduction

1.1 What is "Multimodal Visual Positioning"?

Multimodal Visual Positioning is a technology that combines multiple sensor inputs (such as cameras, depth sensors, IMUs, etc.) and algorithmic processing techniques to achieve precise identification and tracking of the position and posture of devices or users in their environment. This technology does not rely solely on a single type of sensor data but integrates information from different perceptual modes, thereby improving the accuracy and robustness of positioning.

1.2 Brief Description of Implementation Principles

1. Cross-modal Representation Learning: To enable LLMs to process visual information, a mechanism needs to be developed to convert visual signals into a form that the model can understand. This might involve using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) or other image-processing-appropriate architectures to extract features and map them into the same embedding space as the text.
2. Joint Training: By designing an appropriate loss function, text and visual data can be trained simultaneously within the same framework, allowing the model to learn to establish connections between the two modalities. For example, in a question-answering system, an answer can be provided based on both a given text question and relevant image content.
3. Visual-Guided Language Generation/Understanding: Once an effective cross-modal representation is established, visual information can be leveraged to enhance the functionality of the language model. For instance, given a photograph, the model can not only describe what is happening in the image but also answer specific questions about the scene and even execute instructions based on visual cues (such as navigating to a location).

2. Code Analysis

Key Code

1. Utility Layer Entry Point (largemodel/utils/tools_manager.py)

The visual_positioning function in this file defines the execution flow of the tool, specifically how it constructs a Prompt containing the target object's name and formatting requirements.

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# From largemodel/utils/tools_manager.py
class ToolsManager:
    # ...
    def visual_positioning(self, args):
        """
        Locate object coordinates in image and save results to MD file.
        
        :param args: Arguments containing image path and object name.
        :return: Dictionary with file path and coordinate data.
        """
        self.node.get_logger().info(f"Executing visual_positioning() tool with args: {args}")
        try:
            image_path = args.get("image_path")
            object_name = args.get("object_name")
            # ... (Path fallback mechanism and parameter checking)
            
            # Construct a prompt asking the large model to identify the coordinates of the specified object. 
            if self.node.language == 'zh':
                prompt = f"请仔细分析这张图片，用一个个框定位图像每一个{object_name}的位置..."
            else:
                prompt = f"Please carefully analyze this image and find the position of all {object_name}..."
            
            # ... (Building an independent message context)
            
            result = self.node.model_client.infer_with_image(image_path, prompt, message=message_to_use)
            
            # ... (Process and parse the returned coordinate text)
            
            return {
                "file_path": md_file_path,
                "coordinates_content": coordinates_content,
                "explanation_content": explanation_content
            }
        # ... (Error Handling)

2. Model Interface Layer (largemodel/utils/large_model_interface.py)

The infer_with_image function in this file serves as the unified entry point for all image-related tasks.

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# From largemodel/utils/large_model_interface.py
​
class model_interface:
    # ...
    def infer_with_image(self, image_path, text=None, message=None):
        """Unified image inference interface."""
        # ... (Prepare Message)
        try:
            # Determine which specific implementation to call based on the value of self.llm_platform
            if self.llm_platform == 'ollama':
                response_content = self.ollama_infer(self.messages, image_path=image_path)
            elif self.llm_platform == 'tongyi':
                # ... Logic for calling the Tongyi model
                pass
            # ... (Logic of other platforms)
        # ...
        return {'response': response_content, 'messages': self.messages.copy()}

Code Analysis

The core of the visual positioning function lies in guiding a large model to output structured data through precise instructions. It also follows a layered design of tool layer and model interface layer.

1. Tool Layer (tools_manager.py):

• The visual_positioning function is the core of this function's business logic. It receives two key parameters: image_path (image path) and object_name (the name of the object to be positioned).
• The most crucial operation of this function is constructing a highly customized Prompt. It doesn't simply request the model to describe the image; instead, it embeds object_name into a carefully designed template, explicitly instructing the model to "position each {object_name} in the image," and implicitly or explicitly requesting the return of results in a specific format (such as a coordinate array).
• After constructing the Prompt, it calls the infer_with_image method of the model interface layer, passing the image and this customized instruction along with it.
• After receiving the returned text from the model interface layer, it still needs to perform post-processing: using methods such as regular expressions to parse precise coordinate data from the model's natural language response.
• Finally, it returns the parsed structured coordinate data to the upper-layer application.

2. Model Interface Layer (large_model_interface.py):

• The infer_with_image function still plays the role of the "dispatch center." It receives the image and prompt from visual_positioning and distributes the task to the correct backend model implementation based on the current configuration (self.llm_platform).
• For visual positioning tasks, the model interface layer's responsibilities are essentially the same as for visual understanding tasks: correctly package the image data and text instructions, send them to the selected model platform, and then return the text results intact to the tool layer. All platform-specific implementation details are encapsulated in this layer.

In summary, the general process of visual localization is as follows: ToolsManager receives the name of the target object and constructs a precise Prompt that requests the return of coordinates -> ToolsManager calls the model interface -> model_interface packages the image and the Prompt together and sends it to the corresponding model platform according to the configuration -> The model returns text containing coordinate information -> model_interface returns the text to ToolsManager -> ToolsManager parses the text, extracts the structured coordinate data, and returns it. This process demonstrates how Prompt Engineering technology allows general-purpose large visual models to perform more specific and structured tasks.

3. Practical Operation

3.1 Configuring Offline Large Models

3.1.1 Configuring the LLM Platform (yahboom.yaml)

This file determines which large model platform the model_service node loads as its primary language model.

Raspberry Pi 5 requires entering a Docker container; RDK X5 and Orin mainframes do not require this:

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./ros2_docker.sh

If you need to enter other commands within the same Docker container later, simply type ./ros2_docker.sh again in the host machine's terminal.

1. Open the file in the terminal:

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   vim ~/yahboom_ws/src/largemodel/config/yahboom.yaml
   

2. Modify/Confirmllm_platform :

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   model_service:                          #Model server node parameters
     ros__parameters:
       language: 'zh'                      #Large Model Interface Language
       useolinetts: True                   #This item is invalid in text mode and can be ignored
       
       # Large model configuration
       llm_platform: 'ollama'              # Key: Make sure it's 'ollama'
       regional_setting : "China" 
       camera_type: 'csi'                 # Camera type: 'csi', 'usb'
       mjpeg_stream_url: 'http://172.17.0.1:8080/camera.mjpg' # MJPEG stream URL for CSI camera in Docker
   

3.1.2 Configuring the Model Interface (large_model_interface.yaml)

This file defines which vision model to use when the platform is selected as ollama.

1. Open the file in the terminal.

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vim ~/yahboom_ws/src/largemodel/config/large_model_interface.yaml

2. Locate the ollama-related configurations.

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#.....
## Offline Large Language Models
# Ollama Configuration
ollama_host: "http://localhost:11434" # Ollama server address
ollama_model: "llava" # Key: Replace this with your downloaded multimodal model, such as "llava"
#.....

Note: Ensure that the model specified in the configuration parameters (such as llava) can handle multimodal input.

3.2 Starting and Testing the Functionality (Text Mode)

Note: Results will be poor when using models with small parameter sets or when memory usage is extremely limited. For a better experience with this feature, please refer to the corresponding chapter in <Online Large Model (Text Interaction)>

1. Prepare Image Files:

Place the image file you want to test in the following path: ~/yahboom_ws/src/largemodel/resources_file/visual_positioning

Then name the image test_image.jpg

2. Launch the largemodel main program (text mode):

Open a terminal and run the following command:

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ros2 launch largemodel largemodel_control.launch.py text_chat_mode:=true

3. Send Text Commands:

Open another terminal and run the following command:

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ros2 run text_chat text_chat

Then start typing the text: "Analyze the position of the dinosaur in the image."

4. Observation Results:

In the first terminal running the main program, you will see log output showing that the system received the command, called the visual_positioning tool, and indicated that visual_positioning had completed execution and saved the coordinates to a file.

This file can be found at ~/yahboom_ws/src/largemodel/resources_file/visual_positioning.

4. Common Problems and Solutions

Problem 1: "Image file not found" error message

Solution:

1. Check Path: Ensure you have placed the image file in the specified path, named test_image.jpg, and have permission to read the file.
2. Image Format: Ensure the image file is not corrupted and is in .jpg format.