2、Common commands

2.1、do not use the sudo command

Usually, to operate docker commands, you need to add the prefix sudo, as follows:

sudo docker version

But after adding the docker user group, you don't need to add the sudo prefix. How to add a docker user group (run commands in the host running docker):

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sudo groupadd docker # Add docker user group
sudo gpasswd -a $USER docker # Add the current user to the docker user group, where $USER can automatically resolve to the currently logged in user
Newgrp Docker# Update the docker user group

After adding the above command, use the [docker images] command to test, if there is no error, it means that you can already use the sudo command. If the following error is reported:

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pi@ubuntu:~$ docker images
WARNING: Error loading config file: /home/pi/.docker/config.json: open /home/pi/.docker/config.json: permission denied

Run the following command on the host to solve the problem:

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sudo chown "$USER":"$USER" /home/"$USER"/.docker -R
sudo chmod g+rwx "/home/$USER/.docker" -R

2.2、help commands

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docker info # Displays Docker system information, including the number of images and containers.
docker --help # Help

2.3、mirror command

1、Docker pull download image

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# Download the image
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker pull ubuntu
Using default tag: latest # Do not write tag, default is latest
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
cd741b12a7ea: Pull complete # Layered download
Digest: sha256:67211c14fa74f070d27cc59d69a7fa9aeff8e28ea118ef3babc295a0428a6d21
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest # Real Location

2、Docker images lists the images

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# Lists the images on the local host
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY                   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED             SIZE
yahboomtechnology/ros-foxy   3.4.0     49581aa78b6b   About an hour ago   24.3GB
yahboomtechnology/ros-foxy   3.3.9     cefb5ac2ca02   3 days ago          20.5GB
yahboomtechnology/ros-foxy   3.3.8     49996806c64a   4 days ago          20.5GB
yahboomtechnology/ros-foxy   3.3.7     8989b8860d17   4 days ago          17.1GB
yahboomtechnology/ros-foxy   3.3.6     326531363d6e   5 days ago          16.1GB
hello-world                  latest    46331d942d63   13 months ago       9.14kB

# interpretation
REPOSITORY： The repository source of the mirror
TAG： The label of the image
IMAGE： ID The ID of the image
CREATED： Image creation time
SIZE： Image size

# The same repository source can have multiple tags, representing different versions of this repository source, we use REPOSITORY:TAG to define different images, if you do not define the tag version of the image, docker will use lastest images by default!

# Optional
-a: Lists all local images
-q: Only the image ID is displayed
--digests: Displays the summary information of the image

3、docker search

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# Search for mirrors
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker search ros2
NAME                                            DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
osrf/ros2                                       **Experimental** Docker Images for ROS2 deve…   60                   [OK]
tiryoh/ros2-desktop-vnc                         A Docker image to provide HTML5 VNC interfac…   11
althack/ros2                                    An assortment of development containers for …   7
tiryoh/ros2                                     unofficial ROS2 image                           6
athackst/ros2                                   [Deprecated-> use althack/ros2]                 5
uobflightlabstarling/starling-mavros2           ROS2 version of MAVROS                          2
theosakamg7/ros2_java_docker                    Image base                                      1                    [OK]

# docker search The name of an image corresponds to the image in the DockerHub repository
# Optional
--filter=stars=50 : Lists images with a collection of no less than the specified value.

4、docker rmi delete the image

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# Delete the image
docker rmi -f image id # deletes a single
docker rmi -f image name: tag image name: tag # Delete multiple
docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa) # deletes all

2.4、container commands

To create a container with an image, we use the image of ubuntu here to test and download the image:

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docker pull ubuntu

1、docker run

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# command
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND][ARG...]
# Description of common parameters
--name="Name" # Specify a name for the container
-d # runs the container in background mode and returns the ID of the container!
-i # runs the container in interactive mode by using it with -t
-t # reassigns a terminal to the container, usually used with -i
-P # random port mapping (uppercase)
-p # specifies the port mapping (summary), which can generally be written in four ways
ip:hostPort:containerPort
ip::containerPort
hostPort:containerPort (commonly used)
containerPort

# test
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY                   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
yahboomtechnology/ros-foxy   3.4.0     49581aa78b6b   2 hours ago     24.3GB
yahboomtechnology/ros-foxy   3.3.9     cefb5ac2ca02   3 days ago      20.5GB
yahboomtechnology/ros-foxy   3.3.8     49996806c64a   4 days ago      20.5GB
yahboomtechnology/ros-foxy   3.3.7     8989b8860d17   4 days ago      17.1GB
yahboomtechnology/ros-foxy   3.3.6     326531363d6e   5 days ago      16.1GB
ubuntu                       latest    bab8ce5c00ca   6 weeks ago     69.2MB
hello-world                  latest    46331d942d63   13 months ago   9.14kB

# Use ubuntu to start the container in interactive mode and execute the /bin/bash command inside the container!
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker run -it ubuntu:latest /bin/bash
root@c54bf9efae47:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@c54bf9efae47:/# exit       # Use exit to exit the container back to the host
exit
jetson@ubuntu:~$

2、docker ps

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# command
docker ps [OPTIONS]
# Description of common parameters
-a # lists all currently running containers + historically run containers
-l # displays the most recently created container
-n=? # Displays the last n created containers
-q # silent mode, only the container number is displayed.

#test
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS                   PORTS     NAMES
c54bf9efae47   ubuntu:latest   "/bin/bash"   2 hours ago   Up 4 seconds                       funny_hugle
3b9c01839579   hello-world     "/hello"      3 hours ago   Exited (0) 3 hours ago             jovial_brown

3、Exit the container

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exit # The container stops exiting
ctrl+P+Q # container does not stop exiting

4、Multiple terminals enter a running container

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# Command 1
docker exec -it docker_id bashShell

# test
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS                   PORTS     NAMES
c54bf9efae47   ubuntu:latest   "/bin/bash"   2 hours ago   Up 4 seconds                       funny_hugle
3b9c01839579   hello-world     "/hello"      3 hours ago   Exited (0) 3 hours ago             jovial_brown
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker exec -it c5 /bin/bash   # The ID of the container can be abbreviated, as long as it uniquely identifies the container
root@c54bf9efae47:/# 

# Command 2
docker attach docker_id

# test
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS                   PORTS     NAMES
c54bf9efae47   ubuntu:latest   "/bin/bash"   2 hours ago   Up 35 seconds                      funny_hugle
3b9c01839579   hello-world     "/hello"      3 hours ago   Exited (0) 3 hours ago             jovial_brown
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker attach c5    # The ID of the container can be abbreviated, as long as it uniquely identifies the container
root@c54bf9efae47:/#

# Difference
# exec is to open a new terminal in the container and a new process can be started
# attach goes directly to the terminal of the container startup command and does not start a new process

5、Start and stop the container

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docker start (container ID or container name) # Start the container
docker restart (container id or container name) # Restart the container
docker stop (container id or container name) # Stop the container
docker kill (container ID or container name) # Forces the container to stop

6、Delete the container

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Docker rm docker_id # Deletes the specified container
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q) # Delete all containers
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # Delete all containers

2.5、common other commands

1. View the process information running in the container and support ps command parameters.

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# command
docker top docker_id

# Test
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS                   PORTS     NAMES
c54bf9efae47   ubuntu:latest   "/bin/bash"   2 hours ago   Up 2 minutes                       funny_hugle
3b9c01839579   hello-world     "/hello"      3 hours ago   Exited (0) 3 hours ago             jovial_brown
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker top c5
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                9667                9647                0                   14:20               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

2、View the metadata of the container/image

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# Command
docker inspect docker_id

# Test viewing container metadata
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS                   PORTS     NAMES
c54bf9efae47   ubuntu:latest   "/bin/bash"   2 hours ago   Up 4 minutes                       funny_hugle
3b9c01839579   hello-world     "/hello"      3 hours ago   Exited (0) 3 hours ago             jovial_brown
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker inspect c54bf9efae47
[
    {
        # The complete id, the container ID above here, is the first few digits of this ID that were intercepted
        "Id": "c54bf9efae471071391202a8718b346d9af76cb1ff17741e206280603d6f0056",
        "Created": "2023-04-24T04:19:46.232822024Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 9667,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2023-04-24T06:20:58.508213216Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2023-04-24T06:19:45.096483592Z"
        },


# Test viewing image metadata
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY                   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
ubuntu                       latest    bab8ce5c00ca   6 weeks ago     69.2MB
hello-world                  latest    46331d942d63   13 months ago   9.14kB
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker inspect bab8ce5c00ca
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:bab8ce5c00ca3ef91e0d3eb4c6e6d6ec7cffa9574c447fd8d54a8d96e7c1c80e",
        "RepoTags": [
            "ubuntu:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "ubuntu@sha256:67211c14fa74f070d27cc59d69a7fa9aeff8e28ea118ef3babc295a0428a6d21"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2023-03-08T04:32:41.063980445Z",
        "Container": "094fd0c521be8c84d81524e4a5e814e88a2839899c56f654484d32d171c7195b",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "094fd0c521be",
            .............
            "Labels": {
                "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "ubuntu",
                "org.opencontainers.image.version": "22.04"
            }
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.12",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            .........
            "Labels": {
                "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "ubuntu",
                "org.opencontainers.image.version": "22.04"
            }
        },
        "Architecture": "arm64",
        "Variant": "v8",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 69212233,
        "VirtualSize": 69212233,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8418b919a02d38a64ab86060969b37b435977e9bbdeb6b0840d4eb698280e796/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8418b919a02d38a64ab86060969b37b435977e9bbdeb6b0840d4eb698280e796/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8418b919a02d38a64ab86060969b37b435977e9bbdeb6b0840d4eb698280e796/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:874b048c963ab55b06939c39d59303fb975d323822a4ea48a02ac8dc635ea371"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
    }
]

2.6、Command Summary