Dataset Annotation

For recognizing specific objects or improving object recognition accuracy, users need to perform their own model training, and dataset collection and annotation are an indispensable part.

1. Dataset Collection

Description: For recognizing specific scenarios, users can use a camera to record videos of objects from various angles, then extract images from the videos as training sets.

1.1. Image Extraction

Provide a simple example: extract one frame from the video every 15 frames as a dataset.

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import cv2
import os
​
# Path to the input video file
video_file = '/home/pi/ultralytics26/data/yahboom_data/orange_video/orange.mkv'
​
# Path to the output folder to save the frames
output_folder = '/home/pi/ultralytics26/data/yahboom_data/orange_pic'
​
# Check if the output folder exists, if not, create it
if not os.path.exists(output_folder):
    os.makedirs(output_folder)
​
# Open the video file using OpenCV
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(video_file)
​
# Get the total number of frames in the video
total_frames = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT))
​
# Get the frames per second (fps) of the video
fps = cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
​
# Frame counter to keep track of the current frame number
frame_number = 0
​
# Define the interval for extracting frames (every 15th frame)
frame_interval = 15
​
# Initialize a new counter for saved frames (starting from 1)
saved_frame_number = 1
​
while True:
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    
    # If the frame is not successfully read, exit the loop
    if not ret:
        break
​
    # Save every 15th frame
    if frame_number % frame_interval == 0:
        # Format the frame number starting from 1 (e.g., 1.png, 2.png)
        image_name = f'{saved_frame_number}.png'
        image_path = os.path.join(output_folder, image_name)
​
        # Save the current frame as a PNG image
        cv2.imwrite(image_path, frame)
        print(f'Saving frame {frame_number}/{total_frames} as {image_name}')
​
        # Increment the saved frame counter
        saved_frame_number += 1
​
    # Increment the frame counter for the video
    frame_number += 1
​
# Release the video capture object
cap.release()
​
# Print message when processing is complete
print("Video processing complete! Every 15th frame saved as an image!")

1.2. Dataset Paths

Example video: /home/pi/ultralytics26/data/yahboom_data/orange_video Example images: /home/pi/ultralytics26/data/yahboom_data/orange_pic

2. Label Studio Usage

Label Studio is an open-source data annotation platform used for data annotation and annotation task management, supporting various types of data input and annotation formats.

2.1. Label Studio Installation

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pip install label-studio -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

2.2. Label Studio Startup

Terminal input,

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label-studio start

2.2.3. Accessing Label Studio

Host Machine

First-time access requires entering username and password

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http://localhost:8080/

Local Network

Devices on the same local network can access according to the board IP:8080

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http://boardIP:8080/ # For example: http://192.168.2.99:8080/

First-time Use

First-time use requires self-registration and login account. Factory settings account information (account information is fictitious):

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Account: yahboom@163.com
Password: yahboom@163.com

After registration is complete, the website will automatically login:

3. Dataset Annotation

The demonstration dataset is on the main board, so access Label Studio from the main board.

3.1. Create Project

3.2. Project Name

The project name can be named freely, name it according to your training set:

3.3. Import Training Set

Manually import the pre-prepared dataset: it's recommended not to import too many images at once, suggest selecting 50-100 images each time, then import multiple times.

3.4. Label Settings

We are demonstrating orange recognition, so select "Object Detection".

Delete built-in labels:

Add new labels:

3.5. Dataset Annotation

Click on "Annotate All Tasks":

Annotation steps: first click on the "Orange" label, then use the mouse to select the corresponding orange in the image, after completion click "Submit" to move to the next annotation.

If the selected object is not a complete orange, you can click on the selection box to readjust the position of each edge:

3.6. Export Dataset

Select YOLO format for export, the browser will automatically download a compressed package.

3.7. Dataset Directory Structure

Use the directory structure corresponding to the compressed package exported by Label Studio:

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.
├── images
├── labels
├── classes.txt
└── notes.json

We need to separate the images and labels exported by Label Studio into train (training set) and val (validation set), with a ratio of approximately 8:2. The images and labels in both train and val need to correspond one-to-one in name.

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.
├── classes.txt
├── notes.json
├── train
│   ├── images
│   └── labels
└── val
    ├── images
    └── labels

3.8. Dataset Configuration File

Include paths for training and validation sets, as well as the number and names of classes.

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path: /home/sunrise/ultralytics26/data/yahboom_data/orange_data
train: train/images
val: val/images
nc: 1
​
# Classes
names:
  0: Orange

References

https://github.com/HumanSignal/label-studio