2.Common commands

2.1.Do not use sudo command

Normally, to operate docker commands, you need to prefix sudo, as follows:

sudo docker version

But after adding the docker user group, you don't need to add the sudo prefix. How to add the docker user group (run the command in the host running docker):

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sudo groupadd docker          # Add docker user group
sudo gpasswd -a $USER docker  # Add the current user to the docker user group, where $USER can automatically resolve to the currently logged in user
newgrp docker                 # Update docker user group

After adding the above command, use the [docker images] command to test. If no error is reported, it means that the sudo command is no longer needed. If the following error is reported:

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pi@ubuntu:~$ docker images
WARNING: Error loading config file: /home/pi/.docker/config.json: open /home/pi/.docker/config.json: permission denied

Then execute the following command on the host machine to solve the problem:

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sudo chown "$USER":"$USER" /home/"$USER"/.docker -R
sudo chmod g+rwx "/home/$USER/.docker" -R

2.2. Help command

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docker info    #Display Docker system information, including the number of images and containers.
docker --help  #Help

2.3.Image command

1. docker pull download image

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# Download image
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker pull ubuntu
Using default tag: latest                   # If no tag is specified, the default is latest.
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
cd741b12a7ea: Pull complete                 #Layered download
Digest: sha256:67211c14fa74f070d27cc59d69a7fa9aeff8e28ea118ef3babc295a0428a6d21
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest             #Real location

2. docker images list images

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# List images on localhost
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ docker images
                                                                          i Info →   U  In Use
IMAGE                                       ID             DISK USAGE   CONTENT SIZE   EXTRA
192.168.2.51:5000/muto-humble:3.3.0         23a4c47d106f       7.92GB             0B
192.168.2.51:5000/muto-humble:latest        82136c6d9c27       8.34GB             0B    U
192.168.2.51:5000/muto-kilted:1.1           2753e1b11ddd        7.4GB             0B
192.168.2.51:5000/ros2-kilted-release:1.0   e6252585561e        5.7GB             0B
alpine/curl:latest                          af0461b4a8c6       14.3MB             0B
busybox:latest                              eade5be814e8       4.17MB             0B    U
kilted:1.0                                  80471fea8516       7.22GB             0B
kilted:1.1                                  2753e1b11ddd        7.4GB             0B
langgenius/dify-api:1.11.1                  c5c633a63f56       2.39GB             0B    U
langgenius/dify-plugin-daemon:0.5.1-local   3cd80a202e1b       1.43GB             0B    U
langgenius/dify-sandbox:0.2.12              5c2ad4db0b19        636MB             0B    U
langgenius/dify-web:1.11.1                  baad4c046f12        392MB             0B    U
muto-humble:3.2.0                           7a8ded22e9e9       7.92GB             0B
​
​
# explanation
REPOSITORY Image's warehouse source
TAG image tags
IMAGE ID image ID
CREATED image creation time
SIZE Image Size
​
#The same warehouse source can have multiple TAGs, representing different versions of the warehouse source. We use REPOSITORY: TAG to define different images. If you do not define the tag version of the image, docker will use the lastest image by default!
​
#Optional
-a： List all local images
-q： Show only image id
--digests： Display image summary information

3. docker search search image

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# Search for images
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker search ros2
NAME                                            DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
osrf/ros2                                       **Experimental** Docker Images for ROS2 deve…   60                   [OK]
tiryoh/ros2-desktop-vnc                         A Docker image to provide HTML5 VNC interfac…   11
althack/ros2                                    An assortment of development containers for …   7
tiryoh/ros2                                     unofficial ROS2 image                           6
athackst/ros2                                   [Deprecated-> use althack/ros2]                 5
uobflightlabstarling/starling-mavros2           ROS2 version of MAVROS                          2
theosakamg7/ros2_java_docker                    Image base                                      1                    [OK]
​
# docker search The name of a certain image corresponds to the image in the DockerHub warehouse
# Optional
--filter=stars=50 ： List the images whose collection number is not less than the specified value.

4. docker rmi delete image

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# delete image
docker rmi -f image id # delete single
docker rmi -f Image name:tag Image name:tag # Delete multiple
docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa) # Delete all

2.4. Container command

A container can only be created if you have an image. We use the ubuntu image here to test. Download the image:

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docker pull ubuntu

1. docker run runs the image to start the container

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# command
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND][ARG...]
# Description of common parameters
--name="Name" # Assign a name to the container
-d # Run the container in the background and return the container's id!
-i # Run the container in interactive mode by using it with -t
-t # Reassign a terminal to the container, usually used with -i
-P # Random port mapping (uppercase)
-p # Specify port mapping (summary), generally there are four ways to write it
ip:hostPort:containerPort
ip::containerPort
hostPort:containerPort (commonly used)
containerPort
​
#test
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY                   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
yahboomtechnology/ros-humble   3.4.0     49581aa78b6b   2 hours ago     24.3GB
yahboomtechnology/ros-humble   3.3.9     cefb5ac2ca02   3 days ago      20.5GB
yahboomtechnology/ros-humble   3.3.8     49996806c64a   4 days ago      20.5GB
yahboomtechnology/ros-humble   3.3.7     8989b8860d17   4 days ago      17.1GB
yahboomtechnology/ros-humble   3.3.6     326531363d6e   5 days ago      16.1GB
ubuntu                       latest    bab8ce5c00ca   6 weeks ago     69.2MB
hello-world                  latest    46331d942d63   13 months ago   9.14kB
​
#Use ubuntu to start the container in interactive mode and execute the /bin/bash command in the container!
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker run -it ubuntu:latest /bin/bash
root@c54bf9efae47:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@c54bf9efae47:/# exit       # Use exit to exit the container and return to the host
exit
jetson@ubuntu:~$

2. docker ps lists all running containers

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#command
docker ps [OPTIONS]
#Description of common parameters
-a #List all currently running containers + historically run containers
-l # Show recently created containers
-n=? # Display the last n created containers
-q # Silent mode, only the container number is displayed.
​
#test
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS                   PORTS     NAMES
c54bf9efae47   ubuntu:latest   "/bin/bash"   2 hours ago   Up 4 seconds                       funny_hugle
3b9c01839579   hello-world     "/hello"      3 hours ago   Exited (0) 3 hours ago             jovial_brown

3. Exit the container

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exit        # Container stops exiting
ctrl+P+Q    # Container does not stop exiting

4. Enter the running container from multiple terminals

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# command 1
docker exec -it container id bashShell
​
# test
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS                   PORTS     NAMES
c54bf9efae47   ubuntu:latest   "/bin/bash"   2 hours ago   Up 4 seconds                       funny_hugle
3b9c01839579   hello-world     "/hello"      3 hours ago   Exited (0) 3 hours ago             jovial_brown
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker exec -it c5 /bin/bash   # The ID of the container can be abbreviated, as long as it can uniquely identify the container.
root@c54bf9efae47:/# 
​
# command 2
docker attach container id
​
# test
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS                   PORTS     NAMES
c54bf9efae47   ubuntu:latest   "/bin/bash"   2 hours ago   Up 35 seconds                      funny_hugle
3b9c01839579   hello-world     "/hello"      3 hours ago   Exited (0) 3 hours ago             jovial_brown
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker attach c5    # The ID of the container can be abbreviated, as long as it can uniquely identify the container.
root@c54bf9efae47:/#
​
#Distinction
# exec opens a new terminal in the container and can start a new process
# attach directly enters the terminal of the container startup command and will not start a new process

5. Start and stop the container

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docker start (container id or Container name)       # Start container
docker restart (container id or Container name)     # Restart container
docker stop (container id or Container name)        # Stop container
docker kill (container id or Container name)        # Force stop container

6. Delete containers

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docker rm container id                   # delete specified container
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)   # Delete all containers
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm   # Delete all containers

2.5. Other commonly used commands

1. View the process information running in the container and support ps command parameters.

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# command
docker top container id
​
# test
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS                   PORTS     NAMES
c54bf9efae47   ubuntu:latest   "/bin/bash"   2 hours ago   Up 2 minutes                       funny_hugle
3b9c01839579   hello-world     "/hello"      3 hours ago   Exited (0) 3 hours ago             jovial_brown
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker top c5
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                9667                9647                0                   14:20               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

2. View the metadata of the container/image

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# command
docker inspect container id
​
#Test to view container metadata
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS                   PORTS     NAMES
c54bf9efae47   ubuntu:latest   "/bin/bash"   2 hours ago   Up 4 minutes                       funny_hugle
3b9c01839579   hello-world     "/hello"      3 hours ago   Exited (0) 3 hours ago             jovial_brown
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker inspect c54bf9efae47
[
    {
        # The complete id, the container id above is the first few digits of the intercepted id.
        "Id": "c54bf9efae471071391202a8718b346d9af76cb1ff17741e206280603d6f0056",
        "Created": "2023-04-24T04:19:46.232822024Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 9667,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2023-04-24T06:20:58.508213216Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2023-04-24T06:19:45.096483592Z"
        },
    
​
​
# Test to view image metadata
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY                   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
ubuntu                       latest    bab8ce5c00ca   6 weeks ago     69.2MB
hello-world                  latest    46331d942d63   13 months ago   9.14kB
jetson@ubuntu:~$ docker inspect bab8ce5c00ca
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:bab8ce5c00ca3ef91e0d3eb4c6e6d6ec7cffa9574c447fd8d54a8d96e7c1c80e",
        "RepoTags": [
            "ubuntu:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "ubuntu@sha256:67211c14fa74f070d27cc59d69a7fa9aeff8e28ea118ef3babc295a0428a6d21"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2023-03-08T04:32:41.063980445Z",
        "Container": "094fd0c521be8c84d81524e4a5e814e88a2839899c56f654484d32d171c7195b",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "094fd0c521be",
            .............
            "Labels": {
                "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "ubuntu",
                "org.opencontainers.image.version": "22.04"
            }
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.12",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            .........
            "Labels": {
                "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "ubuntu",
                "org.opencontainers.image.version": "22.04"
            }
        },
        "Architecture": "arm64",
        "Variant": "v8",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 69212233,
        "VirtualSize": 69212233,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8418b919a02d38a64ab86060969b37b435977e9bbdeb6b0840d4eb698280e796/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8418b919a02d38a64ab86060969b37b435977e9bbdeb6b0840d4eb698280e796/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8418b919a02d38a64ab86060969b37b435977e9bbdeb6b0840d4eb698280e796/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:874b048c963ab55b06939c39d59303fb975d323822a4ea48a02ac8dc635ea371"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
    }
]

2.6. Command summary